Development and Clinical Evaluation of Spring-Assisted Standing Training for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Safety and Feasibility Study

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Standing training is essential for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet maintaining regular practice after acute rehabilitation remains challenging. To address the need for more practical and accessible standing equipment, we developed a novel spring-assisted standing training device designed to overcome barriers to regular standing practice. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of our newly developed device in individuals with SCI. <b>Methods:</b> Six participants with chronic SCI (neurological level of injury T4-L3, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-C; 2 females, mean age 41.7 ± 13.4 years) underwent a single session using our chair-based device incorporating passive gas spring mechanisms. We designed this device to enable independent sit-to-stand transitions without electrical power or complex controls. Primary outcomes included safety (adverse events) and feasibility (number of repetitions, Modified Borg Scale). Changes in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores were assessed as exploratory measures. <b>Results:</b> All participants successfully completed training without adverse events. Repetitions ranged from 5 to 60 (median 37), with Modified Borg Scale ratings of 0-4. Notably, the participant with T4 complete injury performed the training without requiring trunk orthosis, demonstrating the device's inherent stability. MAS sum scores showed a reduction from median 8.75 to 4.25, though this did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.13). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our newly developed spring-assisted standing training device proved safe and feasible for individuals with SCI, including those with complete thoracic injuries. The device successfully enabled independent sit-to-stand transitions with low perceived exertion, potentially addressing key barriers to regular standing practice and offering a practical rehabilitation solution.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Published
2025-09-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196767
Primary Topic
Spinal Cord Injury Research
Type
article
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article

Development and Clinical Evaluation of Spring-Assisted Standing Training for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Safety and Feasibility Study

Masashi Yamazaki, Yasushi Hada, Kai Sasaki, Hideki Kadone et al.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Spinal Cord Injury Research
article

Development and Clinical Evaluation of Spring-Assisted Standing Training for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Safety and Feasibility Study

Masashi Yamazaki, Yasushi Hada, Kai Sasaki, Hideki Kadone, Kenji Suzuki, Yukiyo Shimizu
article en

Abstract

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Standing training is essential for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet maintaining regular practice after acute rehabilitation remains challenging. To address the need for more practical and accessible standing equipment, we developed a novel spring-assisted standing training device designed to overcome barriers to regular standing practice. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of our newly developed device in individuals with SCI. <b>Methods:</b> Six participants with chronic SCI (neurological level of injury T4-L3, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A-C; 2 females, mean age 41.7 ± 13.4 years) underwent a single session using our chair-based device incorporating passive gas spring mechanisms. We designed this device to enable independent sit-to-stand transitions without electrical power or complex controls. Primary outcomes included safety (adverse events) and feasibility (number of repetitions, Modified Borg Scale). Changes in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores were assessed as exploratory measures. <b>Results:</b> All participants successfully completed training without adverse events. Repetitions ranged from 5 to 60 (median 37), with Modified Borg Scale ratings of 0-4. Notably, the participant with T4 complete injury performed the training without requiring trunk orthosis, demonstrating the device's inherent stability. MAS sum scores showed a reduction from median 8.75 to 4.25, though this did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.13). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our newly developed spring-assisted standing training device proved safe and feasible for individuals with SCI, including those with complete thoracic injuries. The device successfully enabled independent sit-to-stand transitions with low perceived exertion, potentially addressing key barriers to regular standing practice and offering a practical rehabilitation solution.

Journal of Clinical MedicineVol. 14(19)
University of Tsukuba (JP), Tsukuba University of Technology (JP)
Openalex Percentile: Top 63%
Spinal Cord Injury Research
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