Weathering the Storm: Dynamic Capabilities and Supply Chain Agility in Supply Chain Resilience

Background: Despite growing interest in supply chain resilience (SCRes), theoretical overlap between dynamic capabilities (DC) and supply chain agility (SCA) has complicated empirical analysis of their distinct roles. Additionally, the contextual role of information asymmetry in shaping resilience remains underexplored. This study addresses both issues by modeling DC hierarchically and examining IA as a moderator. Methods: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 157 U.S.-based supply chain professionals. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the relationships among DC, SCA, IA, and SCRes. Results: SCA was a strong, direct predictor of SCRes. In contrast, DC showed no direct effect in the full model; however, in a hierarchical component model (HCM), DC, a higher-order construct, emerged as significant predictor of SCRes. IA exerted a dual negative influence: it directly weakened SCRes and negatively moderated the relationship between DC and SCRes. Conclusions: This study makes two novel contributions. First, it resolves ambiguity between DC and SCA by empirically modeling DC as a higher-order construct that encompasses but remains distinct from SCA. Second, it introduces IA as a multidimensional barrier to resilience, demonstrating its direct and interactive effects. These findings provide new insight into capability design and contextual adaptation for SCRes in uncertain, information-constrained environments.