The development and future usage of head transplantation and related innovations

This topic was chosen during the research process for EPQ subjects. Although head transplantation surgery seems difficult to achieve, given the limitations of current medical technology, as well as the ethical and moral issues it raises. However, it is recognized that high risk is often associated with high reward, and the successful realization of this surgery in the future could lead to numerous possibilities for modern medicine. Therefore, further investigation into the possibility of success for this procedure and the existing obstacles is deemed important.From the first trial performed on a dog by surgeons in the early 20th century to the full rehearsal of a Cephalosomatic anastomosis (CSA) on two recently deceased human cadavers at Medical University in China, this review makes a brief conclusion of the past trials and the improvements made in head transplanting.These experiments have confirmed the surgical feasibility of human CSA, representing a significant step toward achieving human CSA in the coming years. And the innovations invented and developed for this surgery can be utilized to refine the surgical procedures currently employed in modern surgery. While the development of such experiments is seen as a major advance in the medical world and will change human life, it also brings major challenges in the field of public health, such as psychological and ethical challenges. This review also focuses on the ethical implications and challenges of head transplantation surgery and the aspects that require anticipation and control before the procedure can be standardized are also examined. Given the potential impact of these surgical experiments, and the various technical barriersthat have been encounteredand those that have been overcome, this review also discusses whether these studies are technically accessible to human use today or in the future.