Incidence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression Among First-Time Mothers: A Prospective Study

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common but underdiagnosed mental health disorder affecting women during the postnatal period. First-time mothers may be particularly vulnerable due to the emotional and physical adjustments required during this transition. This study aimed to determine the incidence of PPD and to identify associated risk factors among primiparous women. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 130 first-time mothers at two tertiary care hospitals over a 12-month period. Participants were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. A score of ≥13 was indicative of PPD. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial data were collected, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors. Results: The incidence of PPD in the cohort was 16.2%, with most cases (71.4%) detected at the 6-week follow-up. Significant independent risk factors included lack of family support (OR = 5.4, p < 0.001), low marital satisfaction (OR = 4.6, p = 0.003), unplanned pregnancy (OR = 2.8, p = 0.02), and a history of antenatal anxiety or depression (OR = 6.3, p = 0.006). Conclusion: PPD is a significant concern among first-time mothers, with psychosocial factors playing a critical role in its development. Routine screening, early identification, and targeted psychosocial interventions are essential for reducing the burden of PPD and improving maternal well-being..