Sensitisation to Textile Fibres: Aspects of Dermatology and Allergology

The increase in the use of textile materials in everyday life and industry is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions caused by residual chemicals and natural fibre components, which requires a detailed analysis of sensitisation mechanisms. The aim of the study is to establish the mechanisms of sensitisation to textile fibres by analysing their chemical composition, physico-chemical properties, and the effect of residual substances on the development of allergic reactions. The study is conducted using analytical approaches, including analysis of the physicochemical properties of textile fibres, assessment of residual chemicals, immunological tests, and patch testing to identify the sensitising potential of materials. It is determined that sensitisation to textile fibres depends on their chemical composition, physical properties, and processing methods. Residual chemicals, such as dyes, formaldehydes, and stabilisers, are identified to substantially increase the risk of contact dermatitis and other allergic reactions, especially in high-risk groups. Scientifically based recommendations are developed to minimise the sensitising effect of textile materials, including the use of hypoallergenic fibres, environmentally friendly dyes, and optimisation of fabric processing methods. The results obtained confirm the need to introduce modern technologies for the production of textile materials aimed at reducing the sensitising effect of fibres and chemical impurities. The practical importance of the study is to form recommendations for the textile industry and healthcare for the development and use of hypoallergenic materials, which will help reduce the frequency of allergic reactions among the population.