Comparative Evaluation of Bayesian and Non-Bayesian AgeDepth Modelling Approaches: Bacon and Clam Approaches in Sediment Core Studies: Examples of Subaqueous environments from Türkiye

Many modeling tools have been developed to interpret chronological data from sedimentary archives, each offering different statistical frameworks and assumptions. Among these, Bacon and Clam are widely used in underwater environments. This study presents a comparative evaluation of two commonly used age-depth modelling approaches Bacon and Clam, applied to sediment cores from diverse depositional environments. Using previously published examples from lacustrine and marine settings, this study assesses how each model performs under variable sedimentation rates, data resolutions, and stratigraphic complexities. The results highlight that Bacon is best suited for gradually varying depositional environments with sufficient age control, whereas Clam is more flexible in handling abrupt sedimentation changes and sparse chronological data. This synthesis emphasized that model selection should be guided by the stratigraphic context and study objectives to ensure reliable palaeoenvironmental or palaeoseismological reconstructions.