A low-cost IoT-based smart home automation system for urban sustainability in Mogadishu, Somalia

Abstract As Mogadishu undergoes rapid urbanization, the demand for efficient, secure, and sustainable living environments has grown significantly. This paper presents the development and implementation of a Smart Home Automation System designed for modern homes in Mogadishu, Somalia. Leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the system enhances home security, optimizes energy usage, and provides remote control of household appliances through a user-friendly mobile app developed using Flutter. The system, centered around the ESP32 microcontroller, integrates a variety of sensors and actuators to automate essential functions, including temperature control, real-time security monitoring, and remote access to smart locks. Rigorous testing demonstrated the system’s effectiveness, with users reporting significant improvements in energy efficiency, security, and convenience. The automatic door lock system, integrated with camera-based visitor detection, provided enhanced security, while the temperature control feature contributed to a 15–20% reduction in energy consumption. This solution offers a scalable, practical platform that addresses the growing need for smart living in Mogadishu’s urban landscape, promoting sustainable, secure, and comfortable living conditions. Future iterations may focus on further enhancing the system’s capabilities, such as improving camera performance in low-light conditions and optimizing communication for low-bandwidth areas.