Intranasal NS1-truncated live attenuated canine influenza vaccine confers superior protection compared to inactivated vaccine in beagles
Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 continues to circulate among companion animals, posing a zoonotic risk due to its potential for cross-species transmission. However, currently available inactivated vaccines offer limited mucosal immunity and suboptimal protection. Here, we developed a novel intranasal live attenuated CIV H3N2 vaccine carrying a truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene and evaluated its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in beagle dogs. The NS1-truncated LAIV was well-tolerated and induced robust mucosal and systemic immune responses, including high titers of virus-specific secretory IgA. Following challenge with virulent CIV H3N2 at 120 days post-vaccination, LAIV-immunized dogs exhibited complete clinical protection and minimal viral shedding, whereas dogs receiving the inactivated vaccine showed moderate disease signs. These findings demonstrate that the NS1-truncated LAIV confers superior protection compared to conventional vaccines and represents a promising next-generation platform for canine influenza control within a One Health framework.
Authors
- Sun‐Woo Yoon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-4494)
- Dae Gwin Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-1404)
- Jung‐Ah Kang
- Hye Kwon Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-3403)
- Woonsung Na (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7254-5240)
- Suyun Moon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6938-1082)
- Eulhae Ga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5414-0999)
- Donghui Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-6186)
- Daesub Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-1061)
- Jongwoo Lim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-7488)
- Eunseo Bae (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9638-9941)
- Hwan‐Jung Yun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-1235)
- Minjoo Yeom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-6361)
- Jaehyun Hwang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5708-4140)
- Xing Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-1046)
- Jaeseok Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5381-0836)
Institutions
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Gyeongguk National University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Chungbuk National University (KR)
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- National University College (PR)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (CN)
- Seoul National University Dental Hospital (KR)
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Veterinary Research
- Published
- 2025-09-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01624-7
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.35
Funders
- Seoul National University
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety