Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Different Types of Charging Demand Based on Weighted Voronoi Diagrams

With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), the demand for charging facilities is expected to grow rapidly. Rational planning of charging infrastructure has become a key factor in the development of EVs. This study comprehensively considers the impact of existing charging stations in the region. It integrates the perspectives of both charging investors and electric vehicle users to establish a public charging facility planning model to minimize the total annual social cost. The weighted Voronoi diagram is employed to divide the service areas of charging stations, and the planning model is solved using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. Case analysis demonstrates that the weighted Voronoi diagram can more effectively allocate charging station service areas, and the coordinated planning of fast and slow charging piles can significantly reduce the total social cost compared to the exclusive deployment of fast charging piles. This method meets the charging demand of EVs while achieving the optimal capacity allocation of charging piles within each charging station. It provides an optimal solution for the siting and capacity determination of charging stations, offering valuable references and insights for the practical construction of public charging stations. © 2025 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.