Consensus-Guided Construction of H5N1-Specific and Universal Influenza a Multiepitope Vaccines

This study compares three design strategies within a harmonized framework-epitope collation, structure-preserved RBD, and fusion-peptide targeting-while benchmarking against two HA comparators. EpitoCore-HA-VX and StructiRBD-HA-VX showed promise against diverse H5N1 isolates, whereas FusiCon-HA-VX supported cross-subtype coverage. As these findings are model-based, they should be interpreted qualitatively; nonetheless, the integrated, structure-guided approach provides an adaptable path for advancing targeted H5N1 and broader influenza A vaccine concepts.