FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Functional dyspepsia is a common digestive pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a severe issue related to the improvement of the disease state and well-being. This research was performed to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation and severity of functional dyspeptic in diabetic patients and to examine the connection between digestive symptoms and control of metabolism. The sample consisted of 145 people with type 2 diabetes among patients of the Endocrinology Department at the Andijan City Hospital, and further diagnostic procedures were held at the Diagnostic Department of Andijan State Medical Institute and at the Zam-Zam Diagnostic Centre. The clinical information was gathered based on history, the use of questionnaires and physical exams, whereas the laboratory tests comprised fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, renal and liver-enzymatic parameters. In some, endoscopy, ultrasonography and gastric emptying were done to exclude any organic pathology and ascertain the functional nature of the symptoms. The average patient age was 54.3 years, and 58 percent of them were female. The most common was the postprandial distress syndrome (61%), epigastric pain syndrome was second (26%), and mixed patterns (13%). The levels of glycaemic control were found to have a close relation to the severity of the dyspeptic symptoms due to the fact that patients whose HbA1c was above 8.5 most likely experienced severe results of gastrointestinal complaints. Other factors that may have contributed to symptom burden included obesity, hypertension, and diabetic neuropathy, and these factors also appeared to exacerbate the burden. The findings of the current study prove that functional dyspepsia among type 2 diabetes is not only very common but also closely associated with metabolic distortion. Indicators of bad glycaemic control and length of disease were the key prognostic factors of severe symptoms. These results underscore the need to pursue a comprehensive approach to treatment, in which glycaemic control is combined with gastrointestinal treatment to benefit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and enhance their quality of life.