Performance analysis of a solar power plant: Simulation and experimental validation

This paper analyses the performance of a 30 kWp rooftop solar power plant located in Čačak, Serbia. The study covers 12months, comparing electricity generation with simulations obtained using the System Advisor Model (SAM). The photovoltaic system was modelled with local meteorological conditions, such as solar irradiation, temperature, and wind, as well as the technical characteristics of modules, inverters, and other installed components. In addition to energy performance assessment, a thermographic inspection of the panels was carried out after one year of operation to detect potential defects that could affect efficiency. The inspection revealed thermal anomalies such as hot spots, defective cells, and mechanical damage, which may compromise long-term reliability. By comparing simulation and measurement results, the model's accuracy was evaluated across different seasons. Deviations between simulated and actual values were smallest in summer, while larger discrepancies occurred in winter due to lower solar irradiation, adverse weather, and possible losses from snow and moisture. The obtained results confirm the reliability of SAM software for evaluating and predicting solar power plant performance, while also emphasizing the importance of complementary long-term monitoring and diagnostic methods, such as thermographic inspection.