An Empirical Analysis of Carbonated Beverage Consumption Trends and Health Consequences Among Tertiary Education Students

The increasing consumption of carbonated beverages among university students poses significant health concerns, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. These drinks, often high in sugar, caffeine, and artificial additives, may contribute to poor academic performance, fatigue, and various long-term health complications. This study investigates the consumption patterns, preferences, and perceived impacts of carbonated beverages on the health and academic performance of students at Superior University, Sargodha Campus. A mixed-methods approach was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 220 students. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The questionnaire addressed demographics, frequency and reasons for consumption, awareness of health impacts, and perceived academic consequences. Findings revealed a high prevalence of carbonated beverage consumption, particularly among females and postgraduate students. Most participants cited taste, brand influence, and social habits as primary consumption drivers. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the type, frequency, and number of carbonated drinks consumed and self-reported academic performance. Influencing factors such as marketing and peer pressure were also significant predictors. The study highlights the negative academic and health implications of frequent carbonated beverage consumption. It underscores the need for university-level policies and awareness campaigns to promote healthier dietary behaviors among students