Performance Analysis of HCEDV-Hop Localization Algorithm in Anisotropic Wireless Sensor Network

Accurate and energy-efficient localization is an ongoing challenge in Anisotropic Wireless Sensor Networks (AWSNs), especially when AWSNs are deployed in irregular topologies (like valleys, coastlines, and mountainous terrain) versus regular topologies. This extended work presents additional performance evaluation of the previously introduced Hop-Correction and Energy-Efficient DV-Hop (HCEDV-Hop) algorithm. The HCEDV-Hop combines an error-correcting step with a hop-constrained broadcasting approach to improve localization accuracy and reduce energy consumption. In this study, we evaluate the HCEDV-Hop in anisotropic contexts where radio irregularities are direction-dependent and deployments in C-shaped fields are representative of real-world scenarios. The efficacy of the HCEDV-Hop is assessed using both regular and random deployments for a range of node densities, DOI values, and hop thresholds. Simulation results showed that localization errors increased in anisotropic fields but were still significantly reduced compared to conventional DV-Hop. While random deployment at DOI = 0.2 performed best, regular deployment maintained consistent accuracy. Broadcasting t hops decreased energy use without diminishing accuracy. Overall, the HCEDV-Hop performed better in ideal circumstances but remained reliable enough for real-world applications such as disaster management, environmental monitoring, and military surveillance.