3D-Printed Dual-Band Conformal mmWave Antenna for Side-Mirror Integration in V2X Applications

This paper presents the design, simulation, and analysis of a compact dual-band conformal circular patch antenna for automotive applications. Operating at 25 GHz and 28 GHz, the antenna offers narrowband performance suitable for both automotive radar sensing and mmWave 5G V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communications, integrated within a single, low-profile structure. Designed for seamless integration within automotive side mirrors, the antenna improves signal integrity, reduces electromagnetic interference from the vehicle body, and minimizes exposure to external elements by utilizing the mirror's outer surface as a dielectric protective cover, eliminating the need for additional enclosures. Full-wave simulations conducted in CST Studio confirm stable dual-band operation and validate the antenna's potential for intelligent transportation systems by combining radar and communication functions in a single compact antenna ready for fabrication and experimental validation.