Calibration for Multibeam Time-Modulated Array Antenna with Low Sidelobe Levels

Time-modulated arrays (TMAs) antenna inherently support multi-beam radiation through the use of harmonic components. To maintain accurate beam directions and low sidelobe levels (SLL), accurate amplitude and phase weighting must be ensured through calibration. However, calibrating multiple sidebands simultaneously in multibeam TMAs increases the complexity of the process. This paper proposes a calibration method specifically for multibeam TMAs, which simplifies the calibration procedure. The effectiveness of the method is preliminarily demonstrated using a five-beam TMA with a target SLL of − 30 dB.