Analysis of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Scattering Fields of Underwater Dielectric Objects Based on the Method of Moments

The detection of underwater dielectric objects, such as plastic mines and composite dielectric components, holds strategic significance in both military security (e.g., mine countermeasures, submarine stealth operations) and civil engineering applications (e.g., marine resource exploration and environmental monitoring). In electromagnetic scattering analysis, prior studies predominantly employed dipole equivalence models to simplify calculations. While this approach improved computational efficiency, it introduced significant errors due to the neglect of complex geometric features and dielectric material anisotropy. To address these limitations, this study adopts the Method of Moments (MoM), a high-fidelity numerical computational method, to simulate the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of underwater dielectric objects. First, CAD models of two canonical geometries (cylinders and spheres) were constructed. These models were then discretized using mesh generation software. Finally, low-frequency active electromagnetic scattering behaviour of the dielectric objects was systematically investigated through parametric simulations on an electromagnetic simulation platform. The results provide theoretical foundations and technical insights for underwater object recognition, seabed infrastructure inspection, and marine resource exploitation, thereby advancing the development of underwater sensing technologies.