GreenPulsePathway: An Adaptive Energy-Saving Approach for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), resources are limited, the network structure may vary and it is important to use strategies that minimize energy use when communicating. GreenPulsePathway is detailed in this paper, a new way to route packets that enhances their energy use, reliability and the stability of WSNs. A combination of an improved clustering technique from LEACH, a routing system using different costs and selections for sleeping results in timely routing that lessens energy usage and lowers communication burden. Experiments are run by placing 200 static nodes in an area measuring 500m × 500m. The system takes into account residual energy, the quality of the paths, how many hops it requires and delay to decide the most suitable method for sending information. Tests show that GreenPulsePathway exceeds the performance of customary protocols in different areas. The Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) offered by PGC stands at 94.3% which is greater than the 89.6% of DEEC and the 88.2% of AODV. Besides, the network keeps running for 1075 rounds, longer than every other competing model. By consuming on average 0.61 Joules, there is a delay of only 145 milliseconds which guarantees both efficacy and quick response. Furthermore, only 860 packets are used for routing, emphasizing the protocol can support larger networks. This proves GreenPulsePathway is fit for providing a dependable and scalable route system for WSNs in tasks that matter to people such as environmental monitoring, coping with disasters and modern agriculture. Its adaptable elements allow it to keep working well in changing network situations, so it is a promising idea for future energy-related WSNs.