Systematic Literature Review on IoT-based Botnet Attacks: Techniques, Trends, and Challenges

The exponential rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enhanced digital services but also opened pathways for security threats such as botnet attacks. These attacks exploit IoT’s resource limitations and lack of security frameworks. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of IoT-based botnet attacks. 5465 publications were analyzed from top academic databases and selected 34 relevant studies based on strict inclusion and quality criteria. The paper highlights contributions in detection and prevention models, forensic techniques, datasets used, and evaluation metrics. The findings indicate a strong reliance on network flow analysis and emphasize the need for more avoidance-based research and real-world dataset development.