Progressive Neuronal Degeneration Leading to Impaired Motor Function: A Case of Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Alcoholic peripheral neuropathy involves degeneration of the peripheral motor neurons, typically in the lower extremities, accompanied by painful sensations and impairments in gait as a direct result of alcohol's toxicity on the nervous system. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and many factors, such as use history, comorbidities, lifestyle, and family history, determine the disease course and success of treatment. Laboratory values include deficiencies in many key nutrients for neuron health, including vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B12, and folic acid. Here, we discuss a case of a 31-year-old female patient who presented with symptoms of severe peripheral neuropathy, including paresthesias, pain, burning, and gait impairment, as a result of years of alcohol use. Following a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, complete alcohol cessation and symptom management are indicated as treatment. The patient's regimen includes a multifactorial, supportive approach with neuropathic, opioid, and anti-inflammatory medications in addition to physical therapy and lifestyle changes to keep a stable baseline.