Remote Work in Public Educational Institutions: An Ergonomic and Organizational Assessment of Its Impacts on Health, Well-Being, and Labor Relations

The study seeks to develop the frameworks for the new barrier areas to uncover the hidden obstacles and risks of implementing Lean manufacturing. Ten generic barrier areas will be enhanced by the seven new areas obtained from interviews, work-study, and observation of processes in the automotive industry in South Africa (SA). The areas are green technologies, profitability, sustainability, marketing, core values, workforce culture, and motivation. The literature has guidelines for Lean implementation but lacks the frameworks and models with procedures for each operational area. The study developed frameworks for each operational area using the needs of various automotive industries in SA to assist in implementing lean. Transparency, team rewards, utilization of talent, and respect for people motivated the workforce. The strategic plan was developed to be used by aspiring candidates for LM adoption.