PREPOSITIONAL PREFIXATION IN LATIN AND ANCIENT GREEK

The paper examines the specifics of prepositional prefixation in Latin and Ancient Greek, in particular, the structural features of derivatives, the influence of the meaning of prepositions on the lexical meaning of derivatives, and the changes that the content plan and expression plan of the original elements of composites underwent in the process of word formation.The main research methods are comparative-historical, comparative, statistical methods, as well as methods of component and structural analysis.The article emphasizes that a derived word is a complex formation, the result of categorical interaction of different parts of speech.Turning to the substantive side of derivatives, they can be defined as lexemes that denote objects by revealing a particular connection between a given object of reality and others.In Latin and Ancient Greek, beyond the two types of morphological word formation -affixation and stemming -the most productive is the first method, i.e. the formation of new words using prefixes and suffixes.Prefixes in Latin and Ancient Greek have a common origin with prepositions.The study found that the meaning of a derived word consists not only of the meanings of its producing stem and morphemes, but also manifests itself in the process of their interaction.A derived word, built according to a certain model, is not simply the sum of the meanings of its constituent elements, but realizes a variety of specific meanings and their features, which are superimposed on the systemic meaning and fixed by linguistic usage and norm.A characteristic feature of the semantics of any word-forming prefix is its ability to narrow and specify the meaning of the producing base.This property of the prefix is due to the presence of a specific lexical meaning in it.For the most part, prepositions as prefixes retain their basic meanings, which are more expressed in combination with verbs than with nouns.Derived nouns, in addition to their basic meanings, often acquire transitive meanings formed in the process of interaction between the meanings of the preposition and the producing word.