Rediscovering desert ghosts: new records and range extensions of the sand cat and Saharan striped polecat in Libya

This study presents the first confirmed records of the sand cat ( Felis margarita ) in Libya, supported by multiple sightings documented through photographs and videos. Thirteen records were from the southwestern region, which may represent a key stronghold for the species in the country. Additionally, eight new records of the Saharan striped polecat ( Poecilictis libyca ) were documented across southwestern Libya, seven of which lie outside the current IUCN range for the species. These findings significantly expand the known distribution of both species and highlight a major knowledge gap. Reports of both species being sold in local markets further underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts, public awareness and continued field surveys to better delineate the distribution limits of these small carnivores in Libya. • First confirmed records of the sand cat ( Felis margarita ) in Libya, supported by photographic evidence. • Eight new records of the Saharan striped polecat ( Poecilictis libyca ) expanding its known range within Libya. • Findings reveal significant knowledge gaps regarding the distribution of desert carnivores in southwestern Libya. • Local markets sell sand cats as pets and Saharan striped polecats for traditional medicine, highlighting conservation needs.