Sixty years of electrochemistry—a personal account

This is a personal account of my research in electrochemistry that covers the last 60 years. I have worked and lived for more than a year in five countries (Poland, Belgium, France, Germany, and Canada). I also travelled to spend extended periods of time in Spain, China, and Japan to perform collaborative research. My research was enriched by working in this international and multicultural environment. Electrochemistry has undergone tremendous changes during the last 60 years. Starting from a science that applied potential and measured current or charge it embraced nontraditional techniques such as infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, neutron reflectivity, and surface imaging techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy. I describe my scientific journey through these developments and the impact they had on my activities and illustrate the narrative by selected examples from my research.