Extragalactic Blazar Diffuse Population Interpretation for the KM3-230213A event

The KM3NeT infrastructure is constructing two Cherenkov Neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, optimised for high-energy cosmic neutrinos and located at 3450 m depth near Sicily, and ORCA, designed for neutrino oscillation studies at 2450 m depth off Toulon. Though still under construction, KM3NeT detectors are operational. An extremely-high-energy neutrino (hundreds of PeV) referred to as KM3-230213A was detected by the 21 lines of ARCA detector on 13, February 2024. This unique observation may offer new windows for very high energy neutrino astronomy and consequently deserves deep investigation. In this contribution, we study if blazars, a specific class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), might have powered the KM3-230213A event. We start by simulating the lepto-hadronic interactions for blazar models using the open-access Astro-Multimessenger Modeling Software (AM3) software. Then, we quantify the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino emission exploiting the Fermi-LAT blazar luminosity function and perform a statistical analysis to constrain the source population parameter. We conclude by discussing the potential interpretation of this ultra-high-energy neutrino in the context of blazars.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0986
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Extragalactic Blazar Diffuse Population Interpretation for the KM3-230213A event

Antonio Ambrosone, M. Bendahman
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Extragalactic Blazar Diffuse Population Interpretation for the KM3-230213A event

Antonio Ambrosone, M. Bendahman
article en

Abstract

The KM3NeT infrastructure is constructing two Cherenkov Neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, optimised for high-energy cosmic neutrinos and located at 3450 m depth near Sicily, and ORCA, designed for neutrino oscillation studies at 2450 m depth off Toulon. Though still under construction, KM3NeT detectors are operational. An extremely-high-energy neutrino (hundreds of PeV) referred to as KM3-230213A was detected by the 21 lines of ARCA detector on 13, February 2024. This unique observation may offer new windows for very high energy neutrino astronomy and consequently deserves deep investigation. In this contribution, we study if blazars, a specific class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), might have powered the KM3-230213A event. We start by simulating the lepto-hadronic interactions for blazar models using the open-access Astro-Multimessenger Modeling Software (AM3) software. Then, we quantify the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino emission exploiting the Fermi-LAT blazar luminosity function and perform a statistical analysis to constrain the source population parameter. We conclude by discussing the potential interpretation of this ultra-high-energy neutrino in the context of blazars.

Belgian American Educational Foundation, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Région Normandie, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Labex UnivEarthS
Openalex Percentile: Top 89%
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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