Ultrasound features of the internal genitalia functional anatomy in the early postmenarcheal period. A review

Early postmenarche, the period from the first menstruation to the end of puberty, is a critical stage in the formation of reproductive function, during which the functional adjustment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis occurs, providing a transition from anovulatory to ovulatory menstrual cycles. The purpose of the study was to summarize current data on the physiological mechanisms of the formation of ovulatory function and neuroendocrine regulation of the menstrual cycle, as well as to characterize the ultrasound features of the reproductive organs during this period. In this context, the emphasis should shift from formal signs to individual trajectories of menstrual cycle development and ovulatory function. Clinical and instrumental observations during this period should include regular evaluation of menstrual cycle characteristics, changes in ovarian volume and morphology over time, the presence of a dominant follicle, as well as the ovarian/uterine ratio. The presented data emphasize the importance of the early postmenarcheal period as a sensitive window for the diagnosis and potential correction of reproductive development disorders.