Status and performance of mass-produced IceCube Upgrade mDOMs

IceCube Upgrade, which will be completed in the beginning of 2026, will enhance the sensitivity of the current IceCube in the GeV range and improve understanding of the ice properties. Around 700 new modules will be deployed deep in the ice along seven strings within a horizontal circle of roughly 100 m in diameter, and most of the modules are spaced 3 m vertically. IceCube Upgrade consists primarily of two types of Cherenkov photon detectors, approximately 280 Dual optical sensors in an Ellipsoid Glass for Gen2 (D-Eggs) and 400 multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs). Here, we present the status of production and acceptance testing for mass-produced mDOMs. As of February 2025, the majority of mDOMs have already been produced and tested. After the production, in-module devices, including PMTs, are tested for every module, both in a climate chamber for various temperatures and in a lab for precise measurements using a laser. Each mDOM contains 24 PMTs nearly isotropically distributed to achieve uniform photon sensitivity, making the integration and testing complicated. To reduce the testing time, we have developed parallelized and automated software. As a milestone, all the 128 modules on the first two strings have already been shipped to the South Pole after the testing.

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Published
2025-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1040
Primary Topic
Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
Type
article
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article

Status and performance of mass-produced IceCube Upgrade mDOMs

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Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
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Status and performance of mass-produced IceCube Upgrade mDOMs

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article en

Abstract

IceCube Upgrade, which will be completed in the beginning of 2026, will enhance the sensitivity of the current IceCube in the GeV range and improve understanding of the ice properties. Around 700 new modules will be deployed deep in the ice along seven strings within a horizontal circle of roughly 100 m in diameter, and most of the modules are spaced 3 m vertically. IceCube Upgrade consists primarily of two types of Cherenkov photon detectors, approximately 280 Dual optical sensors in an Ellipsoid Glass for Gen2 (D-Eggs) and 400 multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs). Here, we present the status of production and acceptance testing for mass-produced mDOMs. As of February 2025, the majority of mDOMs have already been produced and tested. After the production, in-module devices, including PMTs, are tested for every module, both in a climate chamber for various temperatures and in a lab for precise measurements using a laser. Each mDOM contains 24 PMTs nearly isotropically distributed to achieve uniform photon sensitivity, making the integration and testing complicated. To reduce the testing time, we have developed parallelized and automated software. As a milestone, all the 128 modules on the first two strings have already been shipped to the South Pole after the testing.

National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nvidia, Michigan State University, Villum Fonden, Polarforskningssekretariatet, Marquette University, Western Canada Research Grid, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Research Foundation of Korea, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Vetenskapsrådet, RWTH Aachen University, Chiba University, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics, Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Marsden Fund, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Office of Polar Programs, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
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