Probing the Firn Refractive Index Profile Using Antenna Response
We present a novel methodology for extracting firn ice properties using reflection coefficients (`S11') of antennas lowered into boreholes. Experiments like the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) require precise firn index of refraction profiles for accurate reconstruction of incident neutrinos and cosmic rays. Using a data-driven method guided by neutron probe measurements in the vicinity of Summit Station, a depth-dependent S11 profile can be translated into a refractive index profile. We present results based on data taken in August, 2024 and May, 2025 from boreholes at Summit Station, Greenland.
Authors
- Rob Young
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- O. Schölten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-1254)
- Claudio Kopper
- Sanyukta Agarwal
- Dawn Williams
- J. Hanson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-4553)
- K. Hughes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-9581)
- Kenneth Couberly
- A. Zink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5827-5547)
- P. Allison (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-2653)
- Huaqiao Gui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-5187)
- Sjoerd Bouma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-2302)
- T. Glüsenkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-9297)
- Aishwarya Vijai
- M. Kowalski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-8666)
- Bob Oeyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-3164)
- Pawan Giri
- S. Toscano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2240)
- Enrique Huesca Santiago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3435-7863)
- Christian Gläser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-2553)
- O. Botner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-7306)
- Simon De Kockere (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-012X)
- Cosmin Deaconu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-6397)
- James H. Tutt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-0796)
- Dieder Van den Broeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-6690)
- T. Karg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-2126)
- Jakob Henrichs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5813-9273)
- A. G. Vieregg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-9886)
- Eric Oberla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-7999)
- Jethro Stoffels
- S. Buitink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-497X)
- M. Marsee
- A. Nozdrina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-089X)
- A. Nelles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6350)
- Dirk Ryckbosch
- Christian Hornhuber
- Noppadol Punsuebsay
- K. Helbing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4172)
- Martin Liu
- S. Hallmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-7189)
- Marco Stein Muzio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-5529)
- Christoph Welling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-8058)
- Bryan L. Hendricks
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- Char-lee McLennan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-4309)
- P. J. Windischhofer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-1399)
- Abigail Bishop (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-644X)
- Allan Hallgren
- michael Korntheuer
- Ilya Kravchenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-0395)
- Adam Rifaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1010-5156)
- R. Lahmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5493-1702)
- Krijn de Vries
- Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354)
- Nils Heyer
- Simon Chiche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-5862)
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- Katharine Mulrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-8020)
- Annanay Jaitly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5565-5528)
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- Nathaniel Alden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2076-6118)
- J. A. Aguilar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-9514)
- Albrecht Karle
- Juliana Stachurska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5608)
- Delia Tosi
- Brian Clark
- Lilly Pyras
- Stephanie Wissel
- Michael Betts
- Jonathan H. Chan
- Dave Besson
- D. Seckel
- Alan Coleman
- Ryan Krebs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9758-9055)
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- Shoukat Ali
- Ruben Camphyn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5306-8564)
- Mirko Kugelmeier
- Zeynep Su Selcuk
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1121
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- European Commission
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Vetenskapsrådet
- British Antarctic Survey
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research