Research on geological exploration elements of urban underground space

Urban underground space, a vital natural and strategic resource for cities, includes dense geological bodies (rock, soil, water, gas), natural caves, and artificial facilities like goafs, basements, underground transport, and municipal networks. Its development forms an industrial chain covering geological survey, planning, construction, equipment manufacturing, and operation management. This paper focuses on geological exploration at the chain’s forefront, advocating "overall planning-led, prior geological survey." It systematically defines key detection elements of geological surveys, establishing a targeted index system of geological factors. The system addresses differentiated needs across urban planning stages (preliminary, design, construction) and geological types (karst, soft soil, fractured rock). It specifies critical engineering parameters (e.g., rock-soil mechanics, groundwater, geological structures) and environmental factors (e.g., seismic risks, karst intensity) for each scenario. The findings provide a structured framework for geological exploration in underground space development, enhancing safety, scientific rigor, and sustainability in resource utilization.