Impact of Fixed-Dose Combination Versus Single-Component Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-Related Urinary Symptoms on Persistence, Adherence, and Satisfaction in a Real-Life Setting

<b>Background:</b> Fixed-dose combination medications (FDCs) are recognized methods of increasing adherence to polytherapy in chronic diseases. However, the role of FDCs in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) remains uncertain. We designed this study to assess persistence, adherence, and patient satisfaction with FDCs recently introduced to the Polish pharmaceutical market, which contain tamsulosin (an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) in combination with solifenacin (a muscarinic receptor antagonist) or dutasteride (a 5-α reductase inhibitor). <b>Methods:</b> The analysis included 50,435 men (67.8 ± 8.8 years old) managed by urologists for BPH-associated LUTS, who had been on combination therapies for at least 3 months. Two study visits, with an interval of 2.1 ± 1.4 months, were conducted between February and December 2024. <b>Results:</b> Single-component drugs (83.1%) were more common forms of therapy compared to FDCs (16.9%). ARAs (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists) with 5-α reductase inhibitors comprised 70.2%, while ARAs with muscarinic receptor antagonists or β3-adrenergic agonists comprised 29.5%. Persistence with therapy across two visits was 82.0% for single-component drugs and 93.6% for FDCs (<i>p</i> < 0.001); OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.02-1.63). Similarly, adherence was better in patients treated with FDCs (96.6% vs. 91.0% at visit 1, <i>p</i> < 0.001; 99.3% vs. 97.9% at visit 2, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients prescribed FDCs were satisfied with therapy more often than those prescribed single-component drugs (62.6% and 76.8% vs. 50.6% and 67.5% at visits 1 and 2, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> 1. Combination therapies are still more commonly administered as separate tablets than FDCs in patients with BPH-associated LUTS. 2. The use of FDCs increases short-term satisfaction and persistence with therapy, with a mild effect on adherence.