A Review of Multi-Microgrids Operation and Control from a Cyber-Physical Systems Perspective

Developing multi-microgrid (MMG) systems provides a new paradigm for power distribution systems with a higher degree of resilience, flexibility, and sustainability. The inclusion of communication networks as part of MMG is critical for coordinating distributed energy resources (DERs) in real time and deploying energy management systems (EMS) efficiently. However, the communication quality of service (QoS) parameters such as latency, jitter, packet loss, and throughput play an essential role in MMG control and stability, especially in highly dynamic and high-traffic situations. This paper presents a focused review of MMG systems from a cyber-physical viewpoint, particularly concerning the challenges and implications of communication network performance of energy management. The literature on MMG systems includes control strategies, models of communication infrastructure, cybersecurity challenges, and co-simulation platforms. We have identified research gaps, including, but not limited to, the need for scalable, real-time cyber-physical systems; limited research examining communication QoS under realistic conditions/traffic; and integrated cybersecurity strategies for MMGs. We suggest future research opportunities considering these research gaps to enhance the resiliency, adaptability, and sustainability of modern cyber-physical MMGs.