Kupffer cells are central to mitigating intravascular infections

Understanding KCs' complex interactions with diverse pathogens is key to improving treatment modalities in infection. Future research, needs to focus on how certain pathogens evade KCs and how we can aid these macrophages in eradicating microbes. A move towards humanized KC models in vivo and in vitro incorporating key environmental factors such as shear flow and unique sinusoidal components will be essential to unravel their comprehensive roles.