Global burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2030

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presents significant challenge for women of childbearing age (WCBA), yet current data on its burden are lacking. This study examines the global, regional, and national burden of T1DM in WCBA from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends to 2030. Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 were analyzed for T1DM among WCBA in 204 countries and territories since 1990. We analyzed prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates, along with DALYs attributable to risk factors. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed for projections through 2030. From 1990 to 2021, global T1DM prevalent cases in WCBA increased by 73%, with a 15% increase in the age-standardized prevalence rate and an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.45%. DALYs increased by 33%, though the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 53.16 to 47.11 per 100,000 (AAPC -0.48%). Mortality increase by 19%, yet the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 0.70 to 0.54 per 100,000 (AAPC -0.92%). Prevalence and DALYs mainly increased in older age groups, while mortality decreased across all age groups. Projections indicate continued prevalence growth, with further decreases in DALYs and mortality. Substantial differences exist across various regions and countries globally. Significant regional and country disparities were observed, particularly in low sociodemographic index regions, with high fasting plasma glucose and temperature extremes as key risk factors. Despite increasing T1DM prevalence, improved disease management and public health initiatives have led to decreases in DALYs and mortality rates. Enhanced diabetes education, care access, and effective management strategies are essential for reducing the global T1DM burden among WCBA.