Completing axion double level crossings

In this work, we present the refinement of axion double level crossings within the context of multi-axion mass mixing, specifically focusing on cases where the number of axions exceeds two. Our investigation reveals that double level crossings are a common phenomenon in the mass mixing of the $Z_{\mathcal N}$ axion and axion-like particles. Physically, these double level crossings involve a first level crossing at high temperatures followed by a second level crossing induced by the $Z_{\mathcal N}$ axion mass transition at $T_{\rm QCD}$. We introduce the general model for double level crossings, along with several toy examples, and redefine the light and heavy axion scenarios. In the light axion scenario, double level crossings can occur multiple times in the large ${\mathcal N}$ limit. However, excessively large values of ${\mathcal N}$ may also prevent the occurrence of double level crossings. Conversely, in the heavy axion scenario, excessively small ${\mathcal N}$ may similarly prevent their occurrence. Our findings also have some intriguing implications for axion cosmology.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nuclear Physics B
Published
2026-04-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117455
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Completing axion double level crossings

Huai-Ke Guo, Wei Chao, Haijun Li, Yu-Feng Zhou
Nuclear Physics B
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Completing axion double level crossings

Huai-Ke Guo, Wei Chao, Haijun Li, Yu-Feng Zhou
article en

Abstract

In this work, we present the refinement of axion double level crossings within the context of multi-axion mass mixing, specifically focusing on cases where the number of axions exceeds two. Our investigation reveals that double level crossings are a common phenomenon in the mass mixing of the $Z_{\mathcal N}$ axion and axion-like particles. Physically, these double level crossings involve a first level crossing at high temperatures followed by a second level crossing induced by the $Z_{\mathcal N}$ axion mass transition at $T_{\rm QCD}$. We introduce the general model for double level crossings, along with several toy examples, and redefine the light and heavy axion scenarios. In the light axion scenario, double level crossings can occur multiple times in the large ${\mathcal N}$ limit. However, excessively large values of ${\mathcal N}$ may also prevent the occurrence of double level crossings. Conversely, in the heavy axion scenario, excessively small ${\mathcal N}$ may similarly prevent their occurrence. Our findings also have some intriguing implications for axion cosmology.

Nuclear Physics BVol. 1026
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Openalex Percentile: Top 99%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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Completing axion double level crossings — Huai-Ke Guo, Wei Chao, et al. · Nuclear Physics B (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS