One-dimensional vortex in superconducting nanowires

Abstract We present a systematic computational study of vortex dynamics in superconducting nanowires using three-dimensional time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) simulations. By simultaneously varying both the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ and the nanowire cross-sectional dimensions, we identify distinct regimes of vortex behavior across the type-I to type-II superconducting spectrum. Our simulations reveal three key phenomena: (1) field-dependent transitions between Meissner-like and vortex-penetrated states, (2) complete magnetic field penetration suppression in ultrathin nanowires, and (3) the formation of stable one-dimensional Abrikosov vortex chains whose configuration is primarily governed by geometric confinement rather than material-specific κ values in the thin-wire limit. These results demonstrate that nanowire geometry dominates over intrinsic material parameters in determining vortex configurations at nanoscale dimensions. The findings provide fundamental insights into mesoscopic superconductivity and offer practical guidelines for designing vortex-controlled nanodevices in quantum technologies and sensitive detection applications.