Research application of immunomodulatory nanomaterials in Alzheimer's disease vaccine development

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and there is currently no effective treatment, which brings a significant burden to patients and their families. In recent years, immunomodulatory nanomaterials have shown great potential in the development of AD vaccines due to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting ability. Existing studies indicate that immunomodulatory nanomaterials can effectively improve the delivery mechanism and immune response of vaccines, promote the presentation of specific antigens, and regulate the body's immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of AD. This review comprehensively analyzes the latest research progress of immunomodulatory nanomaterials in the development of AD vaccines, explores their design principles, delivery mechanisms, immune modulation effects, and relevant preclinical research results. Furthermore, challenges in current research and future development directions are discussed, aiming to provide reference for research in this field.