Factors Related to Maxillofacial and Stomatology Pathologies at Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital of Lomé

Introduction. There is no data on the epidemiology of all maxillofacial and stomatological pathologies in Togo. The objective of this study was to identify the main pathologies encountered in maxillofacial and stomatological consultations at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé, and potential correlations with epidemiological and clinical data. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective and descriptive study of consultation registers and medical records of patients consulted in Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery from January 2015 to December 2022. Results. We collected 4126 cases of maxillofacial and stomatological pathologies. The average annual hospital recruitment rate was 515.75 cases. The mean age of the patients was 37.40 years ± 12.20 years with extremes of 2 days and 87 years. The sex ratio was 1.30. Patients from the informal sector represented 52.30%. The majority of patients resided in Greater Lomé (58.20%). Infectious pathology was found in 52.10%, dominated by cellulitis of dental origin in 60.20% of cases. Traumatic pathology was found in 26.40%, with facial fractures in 22.10% and orbitozygomatic fractures in 16.6%. Tumor pathology (12.10%) was predominated by epulis (35.40%) and ameloblastoma (22.40%). Malformative pathology represented 6.40% of all cases; It was predominated by orofacial clefts (56.50%). Functional pathology (5.60%) was predominated by masticatory dysfunctions (MD) in 65.50%; these were found in 78.30% of cases in women. Conclusion. Maxillofacial and stomatological pathologies are not uncommon in Togo. Given the lack of awareness and ignorance of these pathologies among the population and some practitioners, emphasis must be placed on information and awareness regarding their etiologies and manifestations, in order to avoid complications and sequelae.