Ambient Air Particulate Matter Levels in Some Industrial Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study evaluates the ambient air quality in selected communities in Port Harcourt, Eleme and Okrika Local Government Areas (LGA) of Rivers State, Nigeria, by quantitatively measuring the concentrations of key pollutants. Utilizing an experimental approach, the research involved systematic sampling and analysis of particulate matter (PM) across multiple residential and industrial areas. The data collection aimed to capture both seasonal and spatial variations. The study also assessed the meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed, highlighting how these influence particulate matter across different locations. The results indicate that pollutant levels frequently exceed both national and international air quality standards, in the study areas. The results showed that pollutant levels were higher during the dry season and that there were significant spatial differences among industrial zones. PM2.5 concentrations were highest at Onne Industrial Area, Eleme (95.8 µg/m3) and lowest at Aleto, Eleme (36.7 µg/m3), with Old GRA (Control) recording 34.3 µg/m3. The highest PM10 concentration was observed at the Okrika Refinery Area (185.1 µg/m3) and the lowest at Aleto, Eleme (158.2 µg/m3), with Old GRA (Control) recording 129.1 µg/m3. PM2.5 concentrations also reduced, with the highest at Onne Industrial Area, Eleme (95.8 µg/m3) and the lowest at Aleto, Eleme (36.7 µg/m3), while Old GRA (Control) recorded 32.2 µg/m3. These elevated levels of particulate matter exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The study recommends stringent enforcement of environmental regulations, adoption of advanced emission control technologies, and enhanced public awareness initiatives. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and health professionals, contributing to the development of effective air quality management strategies tailored to the unique spatial dynamics of industrial regions.