Geographic and Social Marginalization: Healthcare Disparities and Challenges on Croatian Islands

The healthcare system on the Croatian islands faces major challenges due to geographical isolation and social marginalisation. The Croatian archipelago consists of over 1,200 islands, islets and rocks, of which only 50 are permanently inhabited. These islands differ in size, proximity to the mainland and accessibility, which leads to differences in infrastructure and the provision of health services. This study examines how geographical factors, such as island size, remoteness and transport links, affect the accessibility of healthcare. The hypothesis is that peripheral location in relation to regional centres on the mainland exacerbates inequalities in healthcare, with smaller and more remote islands facing the greatest challenges. Despite strong social cohesion, informal support systems cannot fully compensate for the lack of basic healthcare services. A geographical survey will analyse the health infrastructure on the islands and identify gaps in service provision. In addition, a qualitative study, including surveys and interviews with islanders, will capture personal experiences and coping strategies. The findings show that smaller and remote islands often lack even basic health services, forcing residents to travel to the mainland for medical care. Seasonal tourism puts an additional strain on limited resources. Social marginalisation caused by demographic decline, shortage of physicians and limited political influence deepens health inequalities. This research aims to find policy solutions to improve access to healthcare, especially for the most vulnerable island communities.