Conceptual foundations of public diplomacy modernization in the context of the digital transformation of international relations

The article examines the transformation of traditional diplomatic practices under the influence of digitalization, which is becoming not merely a technical tool but a complex factor reshaping the functional content of foreign policy activities. The study analyzes key theoretical approaches to digital diplomacy, its typology, stages of development, as well as technological, institutional, and communicative factors influencing the formation of new models of interstate interaction in the digital era. Special attention is given to the characterization of models of digital presence, strategic communication, network diplomacy, and adaptive diplomacy as instruments for enhancing a state's position on the international stage. The article presents the practical experience of Ukraine in the digitalization of its diplomatic service, particularly the implementation of unified digital platforms that enable integration with national registries, improve the efficiency of consular services, and strengthen the institutional capacity of diplomatic missions. The role of the comprehensive digital ecosystem of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is outlined, encompassing secure work environments, electronic document management, personnel and financial management systems, internal information services, and specific public digital projects – including the NAZOVNI platform, which supports international communication, export initiatives, and business engagement with diplomatic missions abroad. It is proposed to view digital project management models in the field of international relations through the lens of their impact on enhancing the state's international presence, modernizing foreign policy, ensuring information transparency, and improving the effectiveness of public diplomacy within the global digital environment. The importance of strategic vision on the part of foreign policy leadership regarding digital transformations, human capital development, the formation of digital communication competencies, and the adaptation of diplomatic services to the dynamics of the global communication environment is emphasized. The necessity of adopting a comprehensive, systematic approach to implementing digital innovations is underscored, as it ensures the effectiveness, security, ethical standards, and legitimacy of their use in international affairs.