Epidemiologic characteristics of leprosy in Mainland China, 2004–2020

Leprosy incidence remained stably low nationwide and displayed significant regional variation. New cases clustered predominantly in Southwestern and Central-South China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangxi). The disease burden showed distinct age patterns, with the highest case numbers detected in middle-aged adults and peak incidence rates in the older population. Targeted prevention strategies should prioritize these high-burden regions and peak-affected age groups.