Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Associated Factors in Patients with Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease in Ouagadougou

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). In sub-Saharan Africa, data on PAD in this population are scarce. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of PAD and identify associated factors in a predialysis CKD patient population. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 31, 2019, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients aged at least 18 years, who had been followed-up for at least three months for CKD, and who were not undergoing hemodialysis were included. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) value of Results: A total of 138 patients with a mean age of 56.76 years ± 15.13 years were included in the study. The sex-ratio was 1.06. The average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 37.50 mL/min/1.73m2 ± 29.45 mL/min/1.73m2, and 81.16% of patients had stage 5 CKD. PAD was present in 77 patients (55.8%). Its prevalence increased overall with the decline of renal function. In the univariate analysis, the following variables were found to be statistically correlated with PAD: history of dyslipidemia (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: [1.6 - 2.2]), diabetic nephropathy (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: [1.11 - 2.03]), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: [0.04 - 1.04]), pulse pressure (PP) > 60 mmHg (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: [1.05 - 4.18]), hyperuricemia (OR = 2.97; 95% CI: [1.41 - 6.36]), high triglyceride levels (OR = 7.36; 95% CI: [1.02 - 92.6]), and severe anemia (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: [1.7 - 2.6]). PP > 60 mmHg and hyperuricemia were independently associated with PAD, with odds ratios of 2.11 (95% CI: [1.05 - 4.24]) and 2.8 (95% CI: [1.38 - 5.66]), respectively, after adjusting for sex, age, and CKD duration. Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD is high in patients with predialysis CKD and generally increases with declining renal function.