Search for High-Energy Neutrinos from Infrared Flares
IceCube has detected a diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos, whose origin still remains uncertain. Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have been proposed as plausible sources of neutrinos. Candidate sources include AT2019dsg, which is likely a stellar tidal disruption event (TDE), and AT2019dfr, an AGN flare. Both present delayed emission in the IR band with respect to the optical signal. This emission can be interpreted as the reprocessing of X-rays to optical light of the flare by dust located in a torus around the SMBH. An additional study using an optically detected sample of 63 accretion flares revealed another candidate as a potential high-energy neutrino counterpart: AT2019aalc, which is also accompanied by a dust echo. However, follow-up stacking analysis of the 63 nuclear flares using the full IceCube data sample did not show any significant excess over background. Motivated by these three suggested neutrino-TDE correlations, we analyse a more extensive catalog of IR flares, 823 dust-echo-like flares identified using WISE satellite data, against the IceCube 10-year sample of track events from the Northern Sky. Our analysis aims to perform sensitivity studies and assess the potential detectability of neutrino emission from these types of accretion flares. In addition, we carry out a correlation study of the 823 dust echo-like flares against a revised catalog of IceCube high-purity astrophysical alerts, and reevaluate the previous study of 63 nuclear flares against the same revised alerts sample.
Authors
- Lars Philipp Heuermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2038-7307)
- L. Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6722)
- L. Köpke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-6348)
- Sofia Athanasiadou
- Kiara Carloni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-3748)
- Rasmus Orsoe
- Sarah Mechbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-3964)
- Rishi Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-6780)
- Philip Weigel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-8507)
- Arun Vaidyanathan
- Thijs van Eeden
- Diego Alberto Coloma Borja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-5793)
- G. M. Spiczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-0519)
- Christy Love
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- Thien Nhan Chau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-8159)
- Woosik Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3778)
- I. Taboada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-3457)
- Daniel Salazar-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9684)
- Andrés Martínez-Medina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-9310)
- James DeLaunay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1995)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Jonathan Mauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9324-7970)
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- Ali Kheirandish
- C. H. Wiebusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3008)
- P. Desiati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-1858)
- Lukas Hennig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-2242)
- C. De Clercq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-7059)
- K. D. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-4068)
- Alexander Sandrock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1172)
- Felix Henningsen
- Sebastian Schindler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5431)
- Yuriy Popovych
- Axel Ponten
- Hershal Pandya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4808)
- Samvel Ter-Antonyan
- Ek Narayan Paudel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7994)
- A. Parenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5680)
- Veronika Palušová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-1215)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Benedikt Riedel
- Erik Ganster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-6944)
- Kareem Ramadan Farrag (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-557X)
- Leonora Kardum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-004X)
- B. Benkel
- Shefali Shefali
- Colton Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9174)
- Shiqi Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-7766)
- Frederik Hermann Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-5930)
- J. C. Díaz–Vélez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-0693)
- Alexander Kappes
- Julian Saffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-6129)
- Christoph Raab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2668)
- Félix Carbonell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-0423)
- Matheus Hostert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-8877)
- Spencer Axani
- Miaochen Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-5595)
- Karriem Upshaw
- Dawn Williams
- Diyaselis Delgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-8828)
- G. C. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-6802)
- Kendall Mahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-5928)
- Ryan T. Burley
- Markus Dittmer
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- Julia Book (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-5959)
- D. F. Cowen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-0787)
- Nils Heyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-8623)
- Joelle Savelberg
- S. Sarkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-858X)
- A. R. Fazely (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-8020)
- Finn Mayhew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-403X)
- Kaustav Dutta
- Bennett Brinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-1159)
- F. Halzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-2417)
- Jeffrey Lazar
- Martin Wolf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-3923)
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- Alicia Mand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9697-1702)
- John Evans
- David Berley
- Tetiana Kozynets
- Agnieszka Leszczyńska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-0939)
- Leon Hamacher
- Oliver Janik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3121-2486)
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- Uwe Naumann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-5922)
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- Anna Eimer
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- Jan Soedingrekso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-2797)
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- Satoshi Fukami
- Aishwarya Vijai
- Attila Hidvégi
- Kathrine Mørch Groth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-9049)
- Christian Spannfellner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-3120)
- Fahim Varsi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-0467)
- Thomas Stuttard
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- Lucas Bloom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9938-3164)
- Tomas Kontrimas
- Jan Weldert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-2354)
- X. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-9121)
- Gaurav Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-8934)
- Yuya Makino
- M. Kowalski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-8666)
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- Seowon Choi
- Shannon Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-6838)
- V. A. Parrish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-9414)
- Claudio Kopper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-7637)
- D. Chirkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-1345)
- Vedant Basu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-2009)
- Zelong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-8991)
- S. Toscano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2240)
- Gerhard Krieger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285)
- Christian Gläser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-2553)
- Elisa Bernardini
- Emre Burak Yildizci
- Philipp Behrens
- Aya Ishihara
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- Jakob Beise (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-4189)
- Christian Haack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-2448)
- Akanksha Katil
- R. Hewett
- Simeon Bash (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-1271)
- Alex Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4869-7867)
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- Daniel Durnford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-7650)
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- Ava Ghadimi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-6485)
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- Rasha Abbasi
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- Janeth Valverde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-6528)
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- Paras Koundal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-5230)
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- Zheyang Chen
- Andreas Noell
- Chang Dong Rho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-9769)
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- Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-4329)
- Minjin Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-6639)
- Ella Roberts
- Vivian O'Dell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-543X)
- Jose Carpio
- Dan Hooper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-4127)
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- Federico Bontempo
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- W. Rhode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5000)
- Alejandra Granados (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-9281)
- Francesco Lucarelli
- K. Andeen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-0007)
- D. B. Fox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-672X)
- Karlijn Kruiswijk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9261-0537)
- Barbara Skrzypek
- Merlin Schaufel
- Anatoli Fedynitch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-3477)
- P. A. Evenson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-810X)
- K. Helbing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4172)
- Jesse Osborn
- Megha Venugopal
- Dennis Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-7879)
- M. Kauer
- Jean-Marco Alameddine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9189)
- Thomas S. Huber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8651)
- Sebastian BOSER
- David Joseph Guevel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-2328)
- Frank McNally (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-2244)
- Thomas Ehrhardt
- J. Kiryluk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-3133)
- Mark Weyrauch
- Ivan Martínez-Soler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-3003)
- T. Montaruli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-2152)
- Else Magnus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8111-1154)
- Elena Manao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6197-8574)
- Yitong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-1971)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- N. Kamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-259X)
- Chiara Bellenghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-7515)
- Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar
- Patrick Hatch
- Philipp Fürst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-8042)
- M. García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-1208)
- Delaney Butterfield
- M. Plum
- Maria Prado Rodriguez
- Kayla Leonard DeHolton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-0601)
- Emmett Krupczak
- Ramesh Koirala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-7169)
- Pascal Gutjahr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-7285)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- S. Seunarine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-6896)
- Sam Hori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2644-5955)
- Marc Jacquart
- Tista Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-4878)
- M. Stamatikos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8553)
- Adam Rifaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1010-5156)
- Doğa Veske (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0895)
- Lincoln Draper
- Philipp Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-2495)
- Johannes Werthebach
- Giacomo Sommani
- Tanvi Krishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-7541)
- Leonhard Eidenschink
- Michael G. Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-6462)
- Markus Ackermann
- Szabolcs Márka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1324)
- Xinyue Kang
- Yasutsugu Morii
- Alina Kochocki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-0128)
- Martin Rongen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-1007)
- Michael Handt
- Hannah Erpenbeck
- Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354)
- Chris Weaver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-093X)
- Anuj Kumar Upadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-2626)
- N. Rad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0851)
- Marjon Moulai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-5812)
- M. Ahlers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-5631)
- Berit Schlüter
- Kwok Lung Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4751)
- D. J. Koskinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-5917)
- William Luszczak
- Jonas Häußler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5552-4821)
- Josh Peterson
- Karolin Hymon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-5207)
- Brandon Pries
- C. Ha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-8589)
- Yuhua Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-0075)
- Jonas Hellrung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7300-8961)
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- Erin O'Sullivan
- Matthias Vereecken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-5242)
- Alexandra Trettin
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- Aswathi Balagopal V.
- Simeon Reusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-628X)
- Neha Navnitkumar Lad
- Summer Blot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-3001)
- Maxwell Nakos
- H. Kolanoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2524)
- Ludwig Neste (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3469)
- Nick Schmeisser
- Lucas Witthaus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0666-3671)
- Anke Mosbrugger
- Eliot Genton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5263-972X)
- Teresa Pernice
- Patrick Schaile
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- Leonardo Ricca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1638-0610)
- Anil Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-3178)
- Shuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-790X)
- Andrew Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2889-6184)
- Li Ruohan
- Nobuhiro Shimizu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-1772)
- Yukiho Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-2845)
- Alfonso Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2459)
- Abdul Rehman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3658-4913)
- Wenjie Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7185)
- Samyak Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7455-782X)
- Justin Mitchell
- J. Becker Tjus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7367)
- Christoph Günther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6304)
- Riya Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1260)
- Serap Tilav
- Ralph Engel
- Zsuzsa Márka
- Javier Gonzalez
- Kirsten Tollefson
- Najia Moureen Binte Amin
- Andreas Weindl
- Robert Snihur
- Arifa Khatee Zathul
- Kotoyo Hoshina
- Robert Young
- Sebastian Vergara Carrasco
- Stephanie Hickford
- Kara Hoffman
- A. Søgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-056X)
- Olga Botner
- Sally Robertson
- D. Seckel
- Juliana Stachurska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5608)
- G. T. Przybylski
- Darren Grant
- Ryan Bay
- Jenni Adams
- Jakob van Santen
- Alex Olivas
- Juan Pablo Yáñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-2569)
- T. DeYoung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3783)
- Delia Tosi
- Katherine Rawlins
- Torsten Schmidt
- Timo Stürwald
- M. U. Nisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3944)
- Todor Stanev
- Andrii Terliuk
- Chad Finley
- Gwenhaël de Wasseige
- Elisa Resconi
- Alba Domi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-7296)
- Brian Clark
- Ioana Codrina Maris
- Lu Lü (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-8834)
- G. B. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-8082)
- Justin Vandenbroucke
- Maximilian Meier
- Lilly Pyras
- James Beatty
- Dominik Elsässer
- Nahee Park
- Sharmistha Chattopadhyay
- Pavel Zhelnin
- K. Hanson
- John Hardin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-9010)
- Michael J Larson
- Chace Lin
- L. Gerhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5162)
- Gabriel Collin
- Manish Khanal
- Angela Zegarelli
- Juanan Aguilar
- Matti Jansson
- Steven W. Barwick
- Jim Braun
- Enrico Ellinger
- Dave Besson
- Rebecca Corley
- C. Walck
- Alan Coleman
- Nora Feigl
- L. Arnaud
- Jessie Thwaites
- Jim Madsen
- Chris Wendt
- Elizabeth Warrick
- Marcos Santander
- Richard Naab
- Miriam Neumann
- Jiyuan Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6250-4765)
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- T. Ruhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9563)
- Per Arne Sevle Myhr
- Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis
- Shoukat Ali
- Ramy Hmaid
- Sonke Schwirn
- Leo Seen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9204-0241)
- Grace Sanger-Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-2902)
- Marco Scarnera
- Stephen DiKerby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-2196)
- Ian Reistroffer
- Brandon Henke
- Lars Marten
- Emile Moyaux
- Amar Thakuri
- Lasse Dueser
- Steven Eulig
- Thomas Delmeulle
- J. Baines-Holmes
- Despina Mousadi
- Vaidehi Poojyam
- Lene van Rootselaar
- Hani KimKu
- Logan Molchany
- Ilya Bodo
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1145
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Nvidia
- Michigan State University
- Villum Fonden
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- Marquette University
- Western Canada Research Grid
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- RWTH Aachen University
- Chiba University
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Marsden Fund
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University
- Office of Polar Programs
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research