Investigation of Electromagnetic and Muonic Air-Shower Components using IceTop Simulations

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory studies cosmic-ray initiated extensive air showers (EASs) using the IceTop surface array, which is sensitive to the electromagnetic component and low-energy (∼ GeV) muonic component of EASs. The contribution from the two components is reconstructed on an event-by-event basis by simultaneously fitting separate lateral distribution functions (LDFs) for both the electromagnetic and muonic components of each shower. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of the two-component LDF reconstruction to recreate the muon distribution in IceTop accurately. The parameters characterizing the reconstructed muonic LDF can vary significantly based on the choice of hadronic interaction model. Thus, the dependence of the reconstructed muon LDF and other parameters on the hadronic interaction models is investigated.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-09-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0424
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
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article

Investigation of Electromagnetic and Muonic Air-Shower Components using IceTop Simulations

L. Schumacher, L. Köpke, Sofia Athanasiadou, Kiara Carloni et al.
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Investigation of Electromagnetic and Muonic Air-Shower Components using IceTop Simulations

L. Schumacher, L. Köpke, Sofia Athanasiadou, Kiara Carloni, Sarah Mechbal, Rishi Babu, Philip Weigel, Arun Vaidyanathan, Thijs van Eeden, Diego Alberto Coloma Borja, G. M. Spiczak, Christy Love, M. Lamoureux, Thien Nhan Chau, Spencer Griswold, Woosik Kang, I. Taboada, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, S. R. Klein, Michael Campana, James DeLaunay, Frank Schröder, Jonathan Mauro, Felix Schlüter, C. H. Wiebusch, P. Desiati, Lukas Hennig, C. De Clercq, K. D. de Vries, Alexander Sandrock, Felix Henningsen, Yuriy Popovych, Hershal Pandya, Ek Narayan Paudel, A. Parenti, G. de Wasseige, Veronika Palušová, A. Haungs, Erik Ganster, Leonora Kardum, Shefali Shefali, J. Vandenbroucke, Colton Hill, Laurent Arnaud, Frederik Hermann Lauber, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Richard Naab, Julian Saffer, Axel Ponten, Christoph Raab, J. V. Santen, Félix Carbonell, Matheus Hostert, Miaochen Jin, Karriem Upshaw, Diyaselis Delgado, Markus Dittmer, J. M. Conrad, P. Eller, S. Yoshida, Julia Book, D. F. 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article en

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory studies cosmic-ray initiated extensive air showers (EASs) using the IceTop surface array, which is sensitive to the electromagnetic component and low-energy (∼ GeV) muonic component of EASs. The contribution from the two components is reconstructed on an event-by-event basis by simultaneously fitting separate lateral distribution functions (LDFs) for both the electromagnetic and muonic components of each shower. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of the two-component LDF reconstruction to recreate the muon distribution in IceTop accurately. The parameters characterizing the reconstructed muonic LDF can vary significantly based on the choice of hadronic interaction model. Thus, the dependence of the reconstructed muon LDF and other parameters on the hadronic interaction models is investigated.

National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nvidia, Michigan State University, Villum Fonden, Polarforskningssekretariatet, Marquette University, Western Canada Research Grid, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Research Foundation of Korea, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Vetenskapsrådet, RWTH Aachen University, Chiba University, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics, Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Marsden Fund, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Office of Polar Programs, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
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Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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