Legal regulation and problems of the implementation of postmortem assisted reproductive technologies: the experience of Russia and foreign countries (analytical review)

The problem of researching the legal institute of assisted reproductive technologies is very relevant in Russia and abroad. The world is searching for optimal legal regulation of postmortem assistive technologies to ensure the possibility of continuing the life of citizens in future generations, including as a result of premature death. In Russia, this problem has become more urgent due to changes in legislation in 2022, which significantly limited people’s access to surrogacy, which was also used as a means to realize the posthumous birth of children. The purpose of the work. To consider the concept of «postmortem assisted reproductive technologies», to assess the implementation of mechanisms of postmortem assisted reproductive technologies in Russia and abroad. Regulatory legal acts, law enforcement practice on the implementation of postmortem assisted human reproduction, scientific literature published over 2018–2024 in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY.RU have been studied and analyzed. Dialectical and logical methods made it possible to consider comprehensively the problems of using postmortem assisted reproductive technologies in Russia; the comparative legal method was used in the analysis of normative acts of foreign countries, the formal legal method provided the qualification of the legal facts of postmortem reproductive technologies in relation to legal norms. Conclusion. The development of legal regulation of public relations is the constitutional responsibility of public authorities, therefore, it is the State and public authorities that have the responsibility to regulate and ensure the possibility of having children from deceased men. The author’s opinion on the prospects for the development of current Russian legislation regulating postmortem assisted reproductive technologies is given.