Legal regulation of agricultural technologies in the context of digital transformation: A comparative analysis of the EAEU countries

The digitalisation of the agricultural sector is accompanied by the introduction of innovative technologies, creating new challenges for legal regulation. Within the Eurasian Economic Union, there is a growing need for coordinated approaches to ensuring sustainable development and food security. The article presented a comprehensive analysis of digitalisation processes in the agricultural sector of the Eurasian Economic Union member states, based on a comparative study of the legal framework and practices of digital technology implementation. The authors highlighted different models of digital transformation. Russia is implementing a large-scale federal project “Digital Agriculture”, Kazakhstan is focusing on creating model digital farms and full digitalisation of agricultural land, while Belarus has made significant progress in automating accounting and implementing an electronic system of veterinary certification. Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, despite the adoption of appropriate policy frameworks, faced serious challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, and low levels of digital literacy. The main findings indicated common problems in the Eurasian Economic Union countries: a digital divide between large and small farms, poorly developed digital infrastructure in rural areas, and a shortage of qualified specialists. As promising areas, the authors proposed harmonisation of legislation, the creation of a single Eurasian digital agricultural platform and the development of joint educational programs, while emphasising the need to take into account the national characteristics of each participating country when coordinating the digital transformation of agriculture within the Eurasian Economic Union. The results of the research can be used both in the scientific community and in the development of digitalisation strategies, improving legislation and developing coordinated approaches to regulating agricultural technologies in the Eurasian Union