Comparison of permeable and water holding capacity between flat and steep soils.

Permeability and water holding capacity are changes in land use type can lead to variations in soil water characteristics. Both soil characteristics are strongly related with other solusion such as the bulk density, soil porosity, and particle size characterized. Results showed that the soil porosity and soil holding capacity was higher at the flat than in the steeper sites, and there was not significantly differed between the latter two sites, the trend of porosity was similar to the holding capacity. From flat to steep lands, the soil physical properties in the 0-10 cm soil layer partially improved, bulk density, soil porosity and texture were significantly higher at the flat than at the steep sites. Soil texture, porosity and bulk density were found to be the key factors affecting soil porosity and water holding capacity. The results provided insight into the effects of vegetation restoration on local hydrological resources and can inform soil water management and land use planning on the regional.