Influence of Micro- and Macrorelief of Implant Surfaces on Osteointegration and Longevity of Implants

Introduction. Implantology is currently one of the most dynamically developing areas of dentistry, which is due to the growing prevalence of partial and complete absence of teeth, as well as the increased need of patients for highly effective methods aimed at restoring chewing function. The key factor for successful implantation is osseointegration, the process of forming a strong bond between bone tissue and a dental implant. Effective osseointegration ensures not only the reliability and long-term functionality of the implants, but also the stability of the entire structure. Existing studies on the effect of micro- and macrorelief of the implant surface on the process of osseointegration provide contradictory data. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the effect of various types of dental implant surfaces on the speed and quality of osseointegration, as well as on the durability of implants. Methods. For the research, a detailed search of scientific data was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Cyber Leninka, Elibrary, Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles in Russian and English using the terms «osseointegration» and «micro- and macro-relief of implants». Results. The study showed that the correct choice of surface characteristics, depending on the patient’s anatomical features and operating conditions, can significantly increase the likelihood of a successful treatment outcome and ensure long-term functionality of dental implantation. Conclusion. The results obtained emphasize the importance of osseointegration for the stability, viability and effectiveness of dental implantation, which directly depends on its micro- and macrorelief surface.