Spectrum of PeV Cosmic-Ray Protons and Helium Nuclei with IceCube
The IceCube Observatory comprises a cubic-kilometer particle detector deep in the Antarctic ice and the cosmic-ray air-shower array IceTop at the surface above. Previous analyses of the cosmic-ray composition have used coincident events with IceTop detecting the electromagnetic shower footprint as well as GeV muons, while the sensors submerged in the ice measure the TeV muons from the same events. The energy range of previous composition analyses, however, has been limited to 3 PeV primary energy and above, whereas the IceTop all-particle energy spectrum has been extended down to 250 TeV. This contribution presents a method to reconstruct the combined spectrum of cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei, starting at 200 TeV primary energy. The resulting H+He spectrum closes the gap in the measurements of light cosmic rays between IceCube as well as KASCADE and experiments measuring in the TeV energy range, such as DAMPE and HAWC.
Authors
- L. Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6722)
- L. Köpke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-6348)
- Sofia Athanasiadou
- Kiara Carloni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-3748)
- Rasmus Orsoe
- Sarah Mechbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-3964)
- Rishi Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-6780)
- Philip Weigel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-8507)
- Arun Vaidyanathan
- Thijs van Eeden
- Diego Alberto Coloma Borja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-5793)
- G. M. Spiczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-0519)
- Christy Love
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- Krishnamoorthi Jayakumar
- Thien Nhan Chau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-8159)
- Woosik Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3778)
- I. Taboada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-3457)
- Daniel Salazar-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9684)
- S. R. Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-6553)
- Michael Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-5739)
- James DeLaunay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1995)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Jonathan Mauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9324-7970)
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- Delaney Butterfield
- C. H. Wiebusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3008)
- P. Desiati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-1858)
- Lukas Hennig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-2242)
- Abdul Rehman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-5790)
- C. De Clercq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-7059)
- K. D. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-4068)
- Alexander Sandrock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1172)
- Felix Henningsen
- Sebastian Schindler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-5431)
- Yuriy Popovych
- Axel Pontén (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2463-2930)
- Hershal Pandya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4808)
- Samvel Ter-Antonyan
- Ek Narayan Paudel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-7994)
- A. Parenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5680)
- Veronika Palušová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-1215)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Erik Ganster (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-6944)
- Kareem Ramadan Farrag (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-557X)
- Leonora Kardum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-004X)
- Lars Philipp Heuermann
- Shefali Shefali
- Colton Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9174)
- Shiqi Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-7766)
- Frederik Hermann Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-5930)
- J. C. Díaz–Vélez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-0693)
- Alexander Kappes
- Richard Naab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-466X)
- Julian Saffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-6129)
- Christoph Raab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2668)
- Félix Carbonell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-0423)
- Matheus Hostert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-8877)
- Miaochen Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-5595)
- Karriem Upshaw
- G. C. Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-6802)
- Carolin Klein
- Markus Dittmer
- J. M. Conrad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-0438)
- P. Eller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-5209)
- S. Yoshida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-5105)
- Julia Book (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-5959)
- D. F. Cowen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-0787)
- Aswathi Balagopal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-8876)
- Nils Heyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-8623)
- Joelle Savelberg
- Diyaselis Delgado
- S. Sarkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-858X)
- A. R. Fazely (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-8020)
- Finn Mayhew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-403X)
- Kaustav Dutta
- Bennett Brinson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-1159)
- F. Halzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-2417)
- Elena Manao
- Alicia Mand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9697-1702)
- John Evans
- Tetiana Kozynets
- Agnieszka Leszczyńska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-0939)
- Alan Coleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-1712)
- Leon Hamacher
- Kael Hanson
- Matthias Thiesmeyer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0005-4762)
- Oliver Janik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3121-2486)
- John Rack-Helleis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-4274)
- Thomas Ehrhardt
- Martina Karl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-8951)
- Christian Spiering
- C. Pérez de los Heros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2084-5866)
- Cristina Lagunas Gualda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-7191)
- Uwe Naumann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-5922)
- Emma Kun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-3591)
- Sreetama Goswami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-4092)
- Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-8866)
- T. Glüsenkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-9297)
- C. Finley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-390X)
- Anna Eimer
- Jan Soedingrekso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-2797)
- C. Argüelles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-4182)
- Aishwarya Vijai
- Attila Hidvégi
- Kathrine Mørch Groth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-9049)
- Christian Spannfellner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-3120)
- Fahim Varsi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-0467)
- Lucas Bloom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9938-3164)
- Jan Weldert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-2354)
- X. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-9121)
- Gaurav Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-8934)
- Yuya Makino
- M. Kowalski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-8666)
- E. Blaufuss (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-1757)
- Seowon Choi
- Shannon Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-6838)
- V. A. Parrish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-9414)
- Claudio Kopper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-7637)
- D. Chirkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-1345)
- Vedant Basu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-2009)
- S. Toscano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2240)
- Gerhard Krieger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285)
- Yarno Merckx (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-9563)
- Christian Gläser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-2553)
- Elisa Bernardini
- O. Botner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-7306)
- Alexander Harnisch
- Donghwa Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-9767)
- Ryan T. Burley
- J. Böttcher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-4236)
- Erin O’Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-8802)
- D. Ryckbosch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-7553)
- S. Sclafani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-1219)
- Maria Liubarska
- Nora Valtonen-Mattila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-098X)
- Thomas Stuttard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-279X)
- Will Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-2562)
- Sarah Mancina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9879-3896)
- Lukas Merten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-9895)
- T. Stezelberger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2676-9574)
- G. W. Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-2352)
- T. Karg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-2126)
- Nathan Whitehorn
- R. W. Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-4700)
- Jakob Beise (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-4189)
- Christian Haack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-2448)
- Akanksha Katil
- Sharmistha Chattopadhyay
- Simeon Bash (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-1271)
- A. Ishihara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-1956)
- Alex Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4869-7867)
- L. Halve (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-6714)
- Martin Ha Minh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-4875)
- Daniel Durnford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-7650)
- Zoë Rechav
- Jeffrey Lazar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-5025)
- A. Obertacke Pollmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-043X)
- J. S. Gallagher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-0408)
- Spencer Griswold
- A. Hallgren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-4489)
- Aske Rosted (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-400X)
- Rachel Procter-Murphy
- Ava Ghadimi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-6485)
- Jannis Necker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-7484)
- W. Iwakiri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9010)
- Peter John Cusack Coleman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7358)
- Perri Zilberman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4714-0679)
- Janeth Valverde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-6528)
- Yang Lyu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-4383)
- Paras Koundal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-5230)
- K. Meagher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-1533)
- Emre Burak Yildizci
- Chao‐Hung Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-8794)
- Zheyang Chen
- Andreas Noell
- Chang Dong Rho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-9769)
- R. Maruyama (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-512X)
- Ke Fang
- Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-4329)
- Minjin Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-6639)
- Ella Roberts
- Russell J. Hewett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-4705)
- Vivian O'Dell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-543X)
- Jose Carpio
- Dan Hooper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-4127)
- Tianlu Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7041-5872)
- Federico Bontempo
- S. BenZvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-4710)
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- Lea Schlickmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-6872)
- Shuyang Deng
- K. Noda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6478)
- Yosuke Ashida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-2086)
- Waleed Esmail (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-3668)
- Joshua Villarreal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-1310)
- K. Hultqvist (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-9472)
- C. Rott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-6033)
- Larissa Paul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-2829)
- M. A. DuVernois (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-9691)
- A. Karle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-5161)
- Thomas Huber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-1673)
- N. Kurahashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-8094)
- Gerrit Wrede
- Hans Niederhausen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-4904)
- W. Rhode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5000)
- Alejandra Granados (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-9281)
- Francesco Lucarelli
- K. Andeen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-0007)
- D. B. Fox (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-672X)
- Tomas Kontrimas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-0933)
- Karlijn Kruiswijk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9261-0537)
- Barbara Skrzypek
- Bruno Benkel
- Anatoli Fedynitch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-3477)
- Ali Kheirandish (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-0539)
- P. A. Evenson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-810X)
- K. Helbing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-4172)
- Jesse Osborn
- Megha Venugopal
- Dennis Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-7879)
- M. Kauer
- Jean-Marco Alameddine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9189)
- Sebastian BOSER
- David Joseph Guevel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-2328)
- Frank McNally (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-2244)
- J. Kiryluk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-3133)
- Kara Hoffman
- Mark Weyrauch
- Ivan Martínez-Soler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-3003)
- T. Montaruli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-2152)
- Else Magnus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8111-1154)
- Martin Wolf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-891X)
- Yitong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-1971)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- N. Kamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-259X)
- Patrick Hatch
- Chiara Bellenghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-7515)
- Philipp Fürst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-8042)
- J. J. Beatty (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-4952)
- M. García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-1208)
- Benedikt Riedel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-8943)
- M. Plum
- Maria Prado Rodriguez
- Kayla Leonard DeHolton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-0601)
- Emmett Krupczak
- Ramesh Koirala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-7169)
- Pascal Gutjahr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-7285)
- Rasha Abbasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-4205)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- Neha Navnitkumar Lad
- S. Seunarine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-6896)
- Sam Hori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2644-5955)
- Marc Jacquart
- Tista Mukherjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-4878)
- M. Stamatikos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8553)
- Adam Rifaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1010-5156)
- Doğa Veske (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0895)
- Lincoln Draper
- Philipp Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-2495)
- Johannes Werthebach
- Giacomo Sommani
- Tanvi Krishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-7541)
- Leonhard Eidenschink
- Markus Ackermann
- Laurent Arnaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-8394)
- Szabolcs Márka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1324)
- Josh Peterson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-1443)
- Xinyue Kang
- Yasutsugu Morii
- Alina Kochocki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-0128)
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- Michael Handt
- Hannah Erpenbeck
- Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354)
- Anuj Kumar Upadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-2626)
- N. Rad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0851)
- Merlin Schaufel
- Marjon Moulai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-5812)
- M. Ahlers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-5631)
- Leander Fischer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-8048)
- Berit Schlüter
- Kwok Lung Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4751)
- D. J. Koskinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-5917)
- William Luszczak
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- C. Ha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-8589)
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- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- Matthias Vereecken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-5242)
- Alexandra Trettin
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- Robert Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-2588)
- Simeon Reusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-628X)
- Paul Behrens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2935-4799)
- Summer Blot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-3001)
- Maxwell Nakos
- H. Kolanoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2524)
- Ludwig Neste (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3469)
- Nick Schmeisser
- Lucas Witthaus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0666-3671)
- Anke Mosbrugger
- Eliot Genton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5263-972X)
- Teresa Pernice
- Patrick Schaile
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- Leonardo Ricca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1638-0610)
- Anil Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-3178)
- L. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-7770)
- Yuhua Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-646X)
- Shuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-790X)
- Andrew Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2889-6184)
- Li Ruohan
- Yukiho Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5680-6614)
- Alfonso Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2459)
- Zelong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-0328)
- Wenjie Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7185)
- Samyak Jain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7455-782X)
- Justin Mitchell
- J. Becker Tjus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7367)
- Satoshi Fukami
- Christoph Günther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-6304)
- Chris Weaver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-5451)
- Jessie Thwaites (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3760)
- Serap Tilav
- Xianwu Xu
- Kirsten Tollefson
- Najia Moureen Binte Amin
- Andreas Weindl
- Kendall Mahn
- Robert Snihur
- Dawn Williams
- Arifa Khatee Zathul
- Kotoyo Hoshina
- Sebastian Vergara Carrasco
- Stephanie Hickford
- A. Søgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-056X)
- Sally Robertson
- D. Seckel
- Juliana Stachurska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5608)
- G. T. Przybylski
- Darren Grant
- Ryan Bay
- Jenni Adams
- Jakob van Santen
- Alex Olivas
- Juan Pablo Yáñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-2569)
- T. DeYoung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3783)
- Delia Tosi
- Katherine Rawlins
- Torsten Schmidt
- Timo Stürwald
- M. U. Nisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3944)
- Todor Stanev
- Andrii Terliuk
- Gwenhaël de Wasseige
- Alba Domi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-7296)
- Brian Clark
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Ioana Codrina Maris
- Ralph Engel
- N. Shimizu
- G. B. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-8082)
- Justin Vandenbroucke
- D. Berley
- Maximilian Meier
- Lilly Pyras
- Dominik Elsässer
- Nahee Park
- Marcos Santander
- Pavel Zhelnin
- Sean Griffin
- John Hardin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-9010)
- Zsuzsa Márka
- Michael J Larson
- Riya Shah
- L. Gerhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-5162)
- Gabriel Collin
- Manish Khanal
- Angela Zegarelli
- Andrés Medina
- Juanan Aguilar
- Matti Jansson
- Javier González
- Steven W. Barwick
- Jim Braun
- Enrico Ellinger
- Dave Besson
- Rebecca Corley
- C. Walck
- Spencer Axani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-3826)
- Nora Feigl
- Jim Madsen
- Chris Wendt
- Elizabeth Warrick
- A. Connolly
- Miriam Neumann
- Jiyuan Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6250-4765)
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- T. Ruhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9563)
- E. Resconi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-2770)
- Per Arne Sevle Myhr
- Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis
- Shoukat Ali
- Ramy Hmaid
- Sonke Schwirn
- Leo Seen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9204-0241)
- Grace Sanger-Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-2902)
- Marco Scarnera
- Stephen DiKerby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-2196)
- Lars Marten
- Logan Molchany
- Ilya Bodo
- Brandon Henke
- Hani KimKu
- Joe Baines-Holmes
- Despina Mousadi
- Emile Moyaux
- Vaidehi Poojyam
- Ian Reistroffer
- Amar Thakuri
- Lene van Rootselaar
- Thomas Delmeulle
- Lasse Dueser
- Steven Eulig
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0376
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Nvidia
- Michigan State University
- Villum Fonden
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- Marquette University
- Western Canada Research Grid
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- RWTH Aachen University
- Chiba University
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Marsden Fund
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University
- Office of Polar Programs
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research