On the use of reclamation techniques for the formation of biogeochemical barriers

Relevance of the work. In the process of extraction, transportation and storage of petroleum hydrocarbons, emergency situations very often occur, because of which oil pollutes large areas of land. Such lands lose their original physico-chemical and biological properties, the natural restoration of which can take no decade. In this connection, research on the biological stage of recultivation of oil-contaminated lands is relevant. Methodology of the work. To understand the current level of development of science and technology, the work analyzes patents on methods of rehabilitation of oil-contaminated lands from Russian and international databases. Results of the work. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that the first inventions date back to the 80s of the twentieth century and continue to the present. Having studied more than a hundred patents, it turned out that the main number of developments is divided into methods of reclamation and bioremediation of oil-contaminated lands, sorbents/ meliorants capable of sorbing free oil from the soil with the possibility of its further biological destruction and without it, as well as bacterial preparations for which there are both independent patents and in combination with methods and sorbents meliorants. In addition, many studies suggest ways to activate the native microflora using various reclamation techniques and planting nitrogen-fixing plants-siderates resistant to oil pollution. Conclusions. More than 60% of patents have been published in the last decade. The main part of the developments falls on the leader in oil production with an extensive network of oil pipelines – Russia (67%), China (11%), Belarus (6%), the USA (4%), South Korea (4%).